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Sunday, July 14, 2013

Egypt's Tryst with Democracy


Egypt has come a full circle in a year. The country is back in turmoil with the democratically elected government ousted in a coup, and they are now ruled for all practical purposes by the military. No matter what people call it and try to sugar coat it as a needed ouster, it is still a coup. President Morsi was elected democratically with a little over 51% of the vote, which is quite similar to the 51%+ won by President Obama in the 2012 elections. So is it right for the opposition in the US to demand President Obama to resign if they dislike his policies? A good example would be when the healthcare act was passed in the US with over 40 percent of the country opposing it, could the republicans and the tea-party folks demand for his resignation? They can show their opposition and file law suits, and finally take it up in the next elections. If the majority has disapproved of Obama, then they would have seen him being booted out of office, and as it happened that was not the case. This is what happened in the US since there is a working democracy (in-spite of all the dysfunction in Washington) and the power is not concentrated by just one executive branch.

 
Compare this to what happened in Egypt, people did not like Morsi’s policies and also felt that he is trying to be too powerful. Besides, Egypt’s economy was not doing well and so people were frustrated. The right path for the protestors would have been to show their opposition, rally up the entire opposition to be united and then let Morsi face the music in the next general elections, or take it to the court. People would have had the power to vote a bad leader out if his policies are not good. Atleast, democracy would have survived and people had the freedom to make their choice, and it would have given Morsi an opportunity to test out if his policies would have worked. What happened instead was that it gave an opening for the anti-government leaders and the leaders from the old regime, as well as the military to strike back at the government. Unlike in the US, the ultimate power in Egypt rests with the military and hence they could easily bring down a democratically elected government. There is no other executive power involved. So clearly what happened in Egypt was a step back in its progress and also in the democratic aspirations of its citizens.

 
I have seen reports from many in the international media stating that it was probably a good step as Morsi tried to grab more power than he had to, but the fact is that whatever was done by Morsi (even if he tried to grab more power) was done in a democratic manner. He won a democratic referendum to amend the constitution, with over 60% support (though some might argue that it was boycotted by a section of the voters). Morsi’s removal cannot be justified and has put Egypt on a very slippery slope, whoever is in power will not have the legitimacy, and will always have around 45% of the population against them. It is a very tricky situation for the international community (and specifically the US) too as any interference in Egypt could be interpreted in the wrong way by half the population. Infact, as of now both sides are blaming the US for what has happened, though for completely opposite reasons. The anti-Morsi supporters are claiming that Obama is a Morsi supporter for not opposing the way he ruled, while the Muslim Brotherhood are claiming that Obama is supporting the army for not opposing the coup. It is best for the US not to interfere and pick sides now, they should leave it up to the Egyptian people to find a way out. After all the revolution was started by them, and they own responsibility for the outcome as well. If the US is seen to be very supportive to the current regime and the army, it will create further alienation of the US in the middle east and in the Muslim world, for going against a democratically elected Muslim government.

 
What the Egyptians should realize is that democracy is not a perfect solution and is not a solution for all their problems. Every democracy has had their share of problems, as we have seen in the US in the recent past where at times the democratic process has been very dysfunctional. Even in the largest democracy in the world, India, voter discontent is very high and a majority of the population feel that the government is very corrupt, inefficient and does not put people first. Even then, there is something that works and democracy is still alive and the people elect the government. There is freedom and there is opposition from some segment of the population for all policy decisions. The same is the case with many mature democracies around the globe. Of course, there are democracies which do not function well at all with repressive regimes even under a democratic veil, one hopes that Egypt does not fall into that category. The revolution started with the Egyptians wanting freedom from a dictator who ruled for decades, and its citizens yearned for democracy. Once that was achieved, they wanted a perfect solution or a solution that works to their advantage. They need to reset their expectation and understand that democracy is a long process with many ups and downs. They need to be patient on this big change to democracy and need to understand that it is the people who wield the final power, and if a government is not functional, they can boot them out of power in the next election. Till then, they need to wait with patience, and give the nascent democratic process a chance. So does the international community. Egypticians should be in charge of their own destiny without international interference. The people of Egypt started the revolution and they themselves must own the responsibility to take it to the next step.


-Ramanuja Iyer...

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